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Banking sector reforms in India were introduced in order to improve efficiency in the process of financial intermediation. It was expected that banks would take advantage of the changing operational environment and improve their performance. Towards this end, the Reserve Bank of India initiated a host of measures for the creation of a competitive environment. Deregulation of interest rates on both the deposit and lending sides imparted freedom to Banks to appropriately price their products and services. To compete effectively with non-banking entities, banks were permitted to undertake newer activities like investment banking, securities trading and insurance business. This
was facilitated through amendments in the relevant Acts which permitted PSBs to raise equity from the market up to threshold limit (49 per cent) and also enabling the entry of new private and foreign banks. This changing face of banking led to an erosion of margins on traditional banking business, promoting banks to search for newer activities to augment their fee incomes. At the same time, banks also needed to devote focused attention to operational efficiency in order to contain their transaction costs. Simultaneously with the deregulation measures prudential norms were instituted to strengthen the safety and soundness of the banking system.
Recent internal empirical research found that over the period 1992 -2003, there has been a discernible improvement in the efficiency of Indian banks. The increasing trend in efficiency has been fairly uniform, irrespective of the ownership pattern. The rate of such improvement has, however, not been sufficiently high. The analysis also reveals that PSBs and private sector banks in India did not differ significantly in terms of their efficiency measures. Foreign banks, on the other hand, recorded higher efficiency as compared with their Indian counterparts.
1. Which of the following is/ are the measure (s) taken by Reserve Bank of India to create a competitive environment in the Banking sector ?
A) Banks were given freedom to take up newer activities.
B) Entry of new private and foreign banks in the field
C) Amendments in the relevant Acts to enable PSBs to raise equity from the market
- None
- A & B only
- A & C only
- B & C only
- A, B and C
- giving more and more employment opportunities to the educated unemployed
- taking care of the down trodden masses
- increasing efficiency in the banking activities
- giving better return to the Central Government
- None of these
- restricting their lending activities
- undertaking more and more non-banking activities
- encouraging the customers to bank with other banks
- devoting more attention to operational efficiency
- None of these
- there is cut-throat competition in banking industry
- the rate of return is not commensurate with the operational cost
- the rate of improvement has not been high
- Nationalized banks and private sector banks did differ in the efficiency measures
- None of these
- There is no discernible difference in efficiency parameters
- The foreign banks recorded higher efficiency
- The efficiency of foreign banks is not comparable with Indian banks
- The rate of such improvement in efficiency was very high
- None of these
- closure of several banks in the country
- entry of private banks and foreign banks
- reduction in margins on banking business
- formation of militant unions in the banks
- None of these
- The Indian banks did not bother about efficiency
- Compared to foreign counter parts, Indian banks lagged behind in efficiency.
- The position of Indian banks cannot be estimated due to various factors
- Indian banks accorded high efficiency
- None of these
- Indian Banks and Foreign Banks
- Customer Service in banking industry
- Non-performing Assets in banking sector
- Efficiency in Indian Banking
- RBI as a regulatory body
9. Augment
- Make
- Become
- Enlarge
- Increase
- Envelop
- Led
- Motivated
- Implicated
- Imbibed
- Started
11. I leave in hurry because it was getting dark.
- left with hurry
- leave with hurry
- hurriedly left
- left hurriedly
- No correction required
- I was forewarned on
- On being forewarned on
- Being forewarned about
- Being warned before
- No correction required
- in exception Ram
- occasionally Ram
- with the exception of Ram
- in exception of Ram
- No correction required
- was lying in that he is
- lied in the fact that he was
- lay in the fact that he was
- is lying in the fact that he was
- No correction required
- it had been a great success
- it will have been a great success
- it is a great success
- it may have been a great success
- No correction required
- will announced plans to shut up
- announced plans to shut off
- has announced plans to shut down
- has announced plans of shut down
- No correction required
- constantly surrounding about sounds
- constantly surrounding by sounds
- constantly surrounded by sounds
- constantly surrounding with
- No correction required
- cannot competing
- will not compete in
- will not compete for
- cannot compete with
- No correction required
- On account that her
- On account she
- On account that she
- Because she
- No correction required
- is older than
- will be older of
- is elder than
- is the older of
- No correction required.
- A) In the opinion of many, the only way to prevent wars is to set up some sort of government for the whole world.
- B) It was hoped that quarrelling nations who had previously gone to war to settle their disputes, would now go to these organizations instead.
- C) The first, which followed the First World War, was called the League of Nations.
- D) Two attempts have already been made in this direction.
- E) The second, which followed the Second World War, was called the United Nations.
- F) The purpose of both organizations was to provide a sort of law court for nations to which they could bring their disputes for settlement.
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- A
- E
- D
- F
- C
- A
- E
- C
- B
- F
- A
- D
- C
- E
- F
- D
- E
- F
- C
- B
ANSWERS
- 5
- 3
- 4
- 3
- 2
- 3
- 2
- 5
- 4
- 5
- 3
- 3
- 3
- 3
- 4
- 3
- 3
- 4
- 4
- 4
- 1
- 5
- 4
- 2
- 3
Shared by Shravan Varma Gadhiraju
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