Vedic Math Shortcut Techniques - Subtractions

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Friends, yesterday we've discussed the Dot method for Additions. Today we shall learn the Dot method for Subtractions. The method that is being taught presently is suitable for subtracting small numbers from big numbers. In this method, when a big number has to be subtracted from a small number, we borrow ( a value 10) from the adjacent digit on the left hand side (LHS). The borrowed number is added to the small number and the big number is subtracted.

Subtractions : Dot Method

Example : 300 - 168 = ?

    300

(-)168

________

________

Step 1 : First we have to subtract 8 from 0. That is, we have to subtract a big number from a small number. Here also we can use the dot method.

(i) In such cases we put a dot on the digit which is lying on LHS of the digit being subtracted. We put a dot on 6, which is on LHS of 8.

Present Status 

(ii) Then we have to find the 10's complement of 8.

8+2 = 10      2 is the complement for 8

iii) This 2 has to be added to the digit above 8.     2+0 = 2

iv) This has to be written in the units place of the result.

Present Status

Step 2 :

i) Now 6 has to be subtracted from 8 in 10's place. But, as there is a dot on 6, first we have to add 1 to 6.

6+1 = 7

ii) This 7 has to be subtracted from 0.

Here also we have to subtract a big digit from a small digit.

iii) Hence we have to put a dot on 1 which is on LHS of 6.

iv) The 10's complement of 7 = 3

(7+3 = 10)

v) This 3 has to be added to the digit lying above 6.

3+0 = 3

vi) This has to be written in the 10's place of the result

Present status :

Step 3 :

i) We have to subtract 1 from 3 in the 100's place. But as there is a dot on 1, we have to add 1 to it.

1+1 = 2

ii) This 2 has to be subtracted from 3.

iii) There is no difficulty in subtracting a small digit from a big digit.          

3+1 = 1. This has to be written in the 100's place

Present Status :

Though we may use the dots in the initial stages, we can carryout the subtractions without using them, after sufficient practice.

Subtractions - 2nd Method :

Split both the given numbers into units, tens, hundreds and so on. Then subtract accordingly.

Example 2 : 878 - 357 = ?

    878 =  800 + 70 + 8

    357 =  300 + 50 + 7

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Result = 500 + 20 + 1 =  521

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Subtractions - 3rd Method

Split one of the given numbers into units, tens, hundreds and so on. Then subtract accordingly.

Example 3 : 878 - 357 = ?

That's all for now friends. At first glance you may feel these methods are complicated and time taking. Take pen and paper and practice two to three problems, so that you can understand the convenience of these methods.  With regular practice you can easily attain the stage, where you can predict the answer at the single glance. All the Best :)

Note : As I've already posted four basic multiplication techniques of vedic maths, from my next post I will continue those lessons. So please read the following posts on multiplications by tomorrow so that you can cope with upcoming posts. Happy Reading :)

• Technique to calculate Complements (This technique is heart for almost all multiplication techniques. So please read it carefully)
• Multiplication Shortcut Technique - Lesson 1
• Multiplication Shortcut Technique - Lesson 2
• Multiplication Shortcut Technique - Lesson 3
• Multiplication Shortcut Technique - Lesson 4
• Multiplication Trick for some specific cases

Read more Vedic Maths Shortcuts from here

About The Author                                             

Rupali Shete (M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D) is a gold medalist from Osmania University (Hyderabad), one of the working members of Rananujan Mathematics Academy and Institute of Scientific Research on Vedas (ISERVE), Currently working in University of Pune.

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