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It sounds very easier, but unfortunately most of the people tend to choose wrong answers by assuming them correct. In this post we shall discuss some shortcut techniques to perform well in syllogism section of competitive exams. Generally these questions can be answered by representing the given statements by Venn Diagrams. However, here we shall discuss another simple shortcut techniques to solve Syllogism problems in easy manner.
Before going into details, lets look at some basic terms used in the rules and understand what they mean.
The two statements is given in the question are called "Premises" and the answer, the "Conclusion".
Eg :
All Dogs are Cats ----------(1)
All Cats are Pigs ------------(2)
The above two statements are called "Premises".
From above two statements, we can draw the Conclusion : All Dogs are Pigs.
The premises normally start with the words All, No, Some, Many , Some -- not, Many -- not. These words are referred to as qualifiers.
A premise consists of a subject and a predicate wherein the first term [eg. "Dogs" in statement (1)] is the subject and the second term [eg. "Cats" in statement (1)] the predicate. Similarly, in statement (2) "Cats" is called the subject and "Pigs" is called the predicate.
The word that occurs in both the premises is known as the "Middle Term". ("Cat" in the example above). The answer or "Conclusion" should consist of the other two words (dogs and pigs in the example above) and the middle term should not appear in the answer.
The premises can be divided into
- Universal Statements
- Particular Statements
This classification of the premises into the above categories is dependent on the qualifier used in the premise. For example, statements where "All" is used are called Universal statements and statements where "some" is used are called Particular Statements.
Premises can also be divided into
- Positive (affirmative) statements and
- Negative statements
If there is a negative term like "not" or "no" in the statement, it is called a negative premise. Otherwise it is called a positive premise or an affirmative statement.
The combination of the two different categories of classifications leads to four different premises as given in the below table.
Table I :
Table I :
Affirmative
|
Negative
|
|
Universal
|
All
A |
No
E |
Particular
|
Some;
many
I
|
Some not;
many not
O
|
The subject or the predicate can either distributed or not distributed in the given premise.
The Subject and predicate are either distributed (✔) or not distributed (☓)depending on what kind of a statement it is (particular affirmative, etc.). Below table shows the distribution pattern of the subject and predicate.
Table II :
Subject
|
Predicate
|
|
Universal Affirmative
|
✔
|
☓
|
Universal Negative
|
✔
|
✔
|
Particular Affirmative
|
☓
|
☓
|
Particular Negative
|
☓
|
✔
|
Note :
✔ Indicates Distributed.
☓ Indicates Undistributed.
From yesterday onwards i am trying to post comment in comment box,but it is not publish.may i know the reason?
ReplyDeleteWe are lil busy with updates Gayu. Getting no time to respond comments. Please dont mind for that.
Deletemam,didnt get table 2..:(
ReplyDeleteDon't be worried Smitha. WOrking on a video lesson of syllogism. Hope that will help you in clearing your doubts. Good Day :)
Deletethank you mam!!
ReplyDeleteWOW VIDEO LESSONS WILL BE THE BEST & ULTIMATE THING $ YOUR AWESOME SITE>GOD BLESS U ALL !!
ReplyDeletenewbie to all bank po n rbi exams.. thot this site is the bessttttt!!! keep it up
ReplyDeleteYour site is amazing for me. I am now giving an exams for IBPS. It is mostly helping me to improve myself and my knowledge..............
ReplyDeleteNowdays i am preparing for Bank Exam, So your site is amazing to prepare for the same........
ReplyDeleteSyllogism explanation is awesome.. I could not find this anywhere except your site.. can you post examples of 3 premises and bit difficult statements as asked in bank exams..
ReplyDeleteAmezing
ReplyDeleteHi frns its simple.. there are som basic rules followed..
ReplyDeleteSome+ some= some
Some+all=some
Some+Not=Some...not
All +som =no conclusion
All +all =all
All+ not =some...not
Not +some =some...not
Not+ all =some...not
Not+not=not
if all + some = no conclusion then as explained here
DeleteAll cats are dogs
Some cats are pigs
The answer should be no conclusion but here it is given
SOme dogs are pigs or some pigs are dogs.
Please explain. I have followed many tutorials but cannot find a perfect one. May be i am wrong but please make me clear. I am getting irritated from this topic now
here som+some. we cannot draw any conclusion
Deletemam expecting the video lesson to be 3g format, bcoz my net connection very slow..
ReplyDeletecan you please post examples of 3 premise.. In bank exams they ask 3 premise only
ReplyDeletethank u god bless u all
ReplyDeletewhat about if started with only eg " only cats are animals. no historian is an animal "
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteIN THESE TYPE OF QUESTIONS ALWAYS READ THE CONCLUSION FIRST THEN GO TO YOUR STATEMENTS.
ReplyDeleteCONDITION 1:-some +some= no conclusion when there is no middle term e.g.
1. some doctors are surgeons.
2. some teacher are intelligent.
so as you see there is no relation b/w surgeons and teacher or intelligent or doctor.
from this we can relate only doctors and surgeons or teachers and intelligent.
so we can draw that some surgeons are doctors.
CONDITION 2 :-some+some = some (when middle term is given)e.g.
1. some magazine are books.
2. some books are papers.
see here middle term is book so we can draw possible conclusion b/w 1st and 2nd statement
i.e.some papers can be magazine and 2nd possibility is that no paper is magazine, so naturally only one will follow.
in one line statement:-
all = some
some = some
no = no
mam i am preparing for indraprastha university CET (mba) .can you provide the previous year question papers ,if you don't have previous years papers please tell me the standard of the examination .
ReplyDeletewith these shortcut whether it possible to get answer "atleast" type of questions
ReplyDeletepls, can anyone of you give the explanation abt table 2... cant get..
ReplyDeleteAll + All = All
ReplyDeleteAll + No = No
No + All = Some not
No + Some = Some not
Some + All = Some
Some + No = Some not
For remaining combinations, no conclusion follows