Public Sector Banks Celebrating 50 Years of Nationalization Today

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Nationalized Banks are celebrating Golden Jubilee (50 Years) today. It was on this day (19th July 1969) the Indira Gandhi-led Congress government nationalized 14 commercial banks, which are having deposits of over 50 crores. There are two reasons for the nationalization.

1st Reason : The unpredictable manner in which these banks functioned as private entities. There were 361 private banks which failed between 1947 and 1955, translating to an average of over 40 banks per year resulting in depositors losing all their money.

2nd Reason : These were seen as catering to large industries and business houses, ignoring the agriculture sector. 

The 14 banks which were Nationalized on 19th July 1969 are

1. The Allahabad Bank
2. The Bank of Baroda
3. The Bank of India
4. The Bank of Maharashtra
5. The Canara Bank
6. The Central Bank of India
7. The Dena Bank
8. The Indian Bank
9. The Indian Overseas Bank
10. The Punjab National Bank
11. The Syndicate Bank
12. The Union Bank of India
13. The United Bank of India
14. The United Commercial Bank

The main aim of this nationalization is to serve the rural economy by expanding the branch network in rural areas.As a result of nationalization, 85 percent of the banking business in terms of deposits was brought under public control. 

On 15th April 1980, six more private sector commercial banks (with deposits of over Rs. 200 crores) were nationalized. They are :

1. The Andhra Bank
2. The Corporation Bank
3. The New Bank of India (merged with Punjab National Bank in 1993)
4. The Oriental Bank of Commerce
5. The Punjab and SIndh Bank
6. The Vijaya Bank

Thus, 20 private sector commercial banks were nationalized and over 90 percent of banking activity in the country was brought under the public sector and it brought down the inequalities of income and wealth and to ensure greater social justice.

The nationalization of July 1969 and April 1980 was a unique phenomenon, different from that of  nationalization of the RBI in 1949 or the nationalization of Imperial bank of India in 1955, as these were very modest having little socio-economic change in the country.

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