English Vocabulary from
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Topic 1 : "Making cities clean and sustainable"
- Sustainable - able to continue over a period of time
- Lamented - to express sadness and feeling sorry about something
- Stinking - having a bad smell
- Squalid - a place extremely dirty and unpleasant, especially as a result of poverty or neglect
- Urban - in a city or town
- Landscape - scenery
- Merely - just
- Suburb - the outer area of a town
- Quest - search for something
- Steady - not moving or changing suddenly
- Urbanisation - the process by which more and more people leave the countryside to live in cities
- Affluent - having a lot of money or owning a lot of things
- Trash - waste material
- Filth - dirt
- Cosmetic - Corrective changes, etc. are intended to make you believe that something is better when, really, the problem has not been solved
- Landfills - the process of getting rid of large amounts of rubbish by burying it
- Sewage - waste matter such as water or human urine or solid waste
- Staggering - very shocking and surprising
- Pile - a mass of something that has been placed somewhere
- Take a leaf out of - to copy something that someone else does because it will bring you advantages
- Reduction - the amount by which something is lessened
- Segregating - to keep one thing separate from another
- Tonnage- the size or carrying capacity of a ship measured in tons
- Vested - fully and unconditionally guaranteed as a legal right, benefit
- Imagery - visual images
- Dwells - to live in a place or in a particular way
- Garner - to collect something, usually after much work or with difficulty
- Devoted - loyal
- Bulwark - something that protects you from dangerous or unpleasant situations
Topic 2 : "The curious case of Justice Karnan"
- Curious - strange / unusual
- Chronicles - a written record of historical events
- Aberrant - different from usual (especially in an unacceptable way)
- Prominent - important / famous
- Over-the-top - in an uncontrolled way
- Instance - example
- Affidavit - a written statement that someone makes after promising officially to tell the truth
- Constrained - to control what you do by keeping you within particular limits
- To top it all - if you have been describing bad things that happened, and then say that to top it all something else happened, you mean that the final thing was even worse
- Suo motu - something done on it's own, without depending on any external cause [used in situations where a government or court acts on its own]
- Threatening - to tell someone that you will kill or hurt them or cause problems if they do not do what you want
- Trivialise - to make something seem less important than it really is
- Inconceivable - impossible to imagine or think of
- Condemned - expressed complete disapproval
- Conduct - behaviour
- Uncharitable - unkind and unfair
- Ungenerous - not willing to give or share things (especially money) / mean
- Indecorous - behaving badly or rudely
- Subsequent - happening after something else
- Testimony - a clear proof of something
- Collegium system - it is a system under which appointments and transfers of judges are decided by a forum of the Chief Justice of India and the four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court.
- Brought to light - to discover something and reveal it to the public
- Inadequacies - inability to deal with a situation
- Impeachment - a formal process of saying that a govt official did something wrong (an unlawful activity)
- Brazen - doing someting very open and shocking way without shame
- Resign - voluntarily leave a job or office
- Come into play - becoming active, operative, or effective
- Remedy - a successful way of dealing with a problem or difficulty
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