English Vocabulary from
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Topic 1 : "Cautious optimism"
- Cautious optimism - a feeling that there are some reasons to hope for a good result, even if you do not expect complete success or improvement
- Reaffirm - confirm the validity of (something previously established)
- Project - estimate or forecast (something) on the basis of present trends
- Monetary - relating to the money in a country
- Ahead - in front
- Reform - an improvement, especially in a person's behaviour or in the structure of something
- Road map - a plan for how to achieve something
- GDP - Gross Domestic Product: the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year
- Favourable - giving you an advantage or more chance of success
- Domestic - relating to the running of a home
- Insufficient - not enough
- Momentum - the force that keeps an object moving or keeps an event developing after it has started
- Liberally - given or used generously
- Laud - To prise
- Adhere - to stick firmly
- Fiscal - connected with (public) money
- Deficit - the total amount by which money spent is more than money received
- Robust - strong and healthy
- Accelerated - faster than usual
- Uncertain - not able to decide about something or not known or fixed
- Headwind - a wind blowing in the opposite direction to the one you are moving in
- Malady - a problem within a system or organization
- Becalmed - to stop the progress of
- Bold - strong in colour or shape, and very noticeable to the eye
- Articulate - express or state clearly
- Enormous - extremely large
- Sustain - to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time
- Incapacitate - to make someone unable to work or do things normally, or unable to do what they intended to do
- Venture - a new activity, usually in business, that involves risk or uncertainty
- Momentum - the force that keeps an event developing after it has started
- Sustained - continuing for an extended period or without interruption
- Impaired - weakened or damaged
- Indeed - really or certainly
- Holistic - dealing with the whole of something (not just a part)
- Payouts - a large amount of money that is paid to someone
- Phasing out - to gradually (step by step) stop using something
- Threshold - the level or point at which something starts to happen
- Tariff - a tax to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports
- Crunch - a difficult situation that forces you to make a decision or do something
- Purposefulness - having a purpose.
- Ascertained - to make sure of something
Topic 2 : "Bolivia’s Morales transformation"
- Morales - moral principles
- Decry - to criticize something as bad, without value, or unnecessary
- Referendum - a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked t decide an important political or social question
- Illustrative - helping to explain or prove something
- Drift - a continuous slow movement
- Autocracy - government by a single person that has unlimited power or authority
- Charismatic - people able to influence others and attract their attention and admiration
- Mandate - an official order to do something
- Underlying - used to describe something on which something else is based
- Stipulate - to say exactly how something must be done
- Tend to - regularly or frequently behave in a particular way
- Get around something - to find a way of dealing with or avoiding a problem
- Contemporary - existing or happening now
- Diverse - very different
- Volatility - likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly
- Backed - supported
- Insurgency - an occasion when a group of people attempt to take control of their country by force
- Consequent - happening as a result of something
- Instability - the state of being unstable
- Eventually - in the end
- Culminated - reach a climax
- Invincible - impossible to defeat
- Indigenous - naturally existing in a place or country rather than arriving from another place
- Persona - the particular type of character that a person seems to have and that is often different from their real or private character
- Indistinguishable - impossible to judge
- Rhetoric - speech or writing intended to be effective and influence people
- Utilities - the usefulness of something, especially in a practical way
- Imperialism - a system in which a country rules other countries
- Stance - a way of thinking about something, especially expressed in a publicly stated opinion
- Cumulatively - increasing by one after another
- Stability - a situation in which something is not likely to move or change
- In contrast with something - opposite to something
- Marginalisation - the process of treating someone or something as they are not important
- Crippling - to cause serious damage to someone or something
- Impact - effect
- Evolving - to develop slowly
- Ethos - the set of beliefs, ideas, etc
- At a crossroads - to be at a stage when you have to make a very important decision
- Peasantry - related to the people who owns or rents a small piece of land and grows crops
- Constituted - to form or make something
- Assertive - confident
- Ambitious - having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed
- Boom - a period of sudden economic growth
- Evaporate - to disappear
- Slump - to fall suddenly (prices / values / sales etc)
- Incumbent - the person who has a particular official position
- Preceding - coming / happening before someone or something
- Thrown up - to leave the job / stop doing something
- Moreover - (used to add information) also and more importantly
- Coalesced - to come or grow together to form one thing or system
- Solely - only (not involving anyone or anything else)
- Introspection - examination of your own ideas, thoughts, and feelings
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