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Topic 1 : "Voting to defeat"
Topic 2 : "On the brink"
- Defeat - to cause someone or something to fail
- Victory - an act of defeating an enemy or opponent in a battle, game, or other competition
- Throw up - to produce new problems or ideas
- Dissension - arguments and disagreement, especially in an organization, group, political party, etc.
- Extraneous - not directly connected with or related to something
- Dubious - feeling doubt
- Jolts - shocks
- Strategy - a plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim
- Drawn up something - to prepare something, usually something official, in writing
- Naught - nothing
- Ensured - to make sure about something
- Nominees - a person who is nominated as a candidate for election
- Blinkered - unable to understand other people's beliefs
- Overwhelming - very great in amount
- Sponsored by - supported by
- Baron - an extremely powerful person in a particular area of business
- Adopted - choose to take up or follow (an idea, method, or course of action)
- Joining hands (with somebody) - to unite with other people or groups
- Instance - an example of something
- Conflict - a serious disagreement or argument
- Intent - determined to do something
- To draw battlelines - to clearly show the differences between two ideas or opinions
- Rebel - a person who rises in opposition against an established government or leader
- Deliberately - consciously and intentionally / on purpose
- Invalidated - to officially stop something acceptable
- Backing - support
- To pay heed - to pay attention to something (especially advice or a warning)
- Beneficiary - a person who derives advantage from something
- Bickering - to argue about things that are not important
- Dissidence - protest against official policy
- Entrepreneur - someone who starts their own business
- Reinforcing - strengthening or supporting
Topic 2 : "On the brink"
- On the brink - at the point where a new or different situation is about to begin
- Crisis - a time of great difficulty or danger
- Aggravates - to make a bad situation worse
- Unrest - disagreements or fighting between different groups of people
- Fragility - the quality of being easily broken or damaged
- Plagued - to cause continual trouble
- Populism - political ideas and activities that are aimed to get the support of ordinary people by giving them what they want
- Afloat - floating (not sinking)
- Plunging - dropping suddenly
- crude - natural mineral oil
- Lethal - extremely dangerous
- Hyperinflation - a condition where the price of everything in a national economy goes out of control and increases very quickly
- Threatening - expressing a threat of something unpleasant or violent
- Chaos - complete disorder and confusion
- Snaky - angry
- Crippling - causing serious harm
- Blackouts - a period when all lights must be turned out
- Oft-repeated - frequent (here Oft means often)
- Grievance - an official statement of a complaint over something believed to be wrong or unfair
- Charismatic - having a special power to influence other people and attract their attention and admiration
- Hand-picked - selected carefully with a particular purpose in mind
- Successor - someone that comes after you
- Victim - somebody harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event or action
- Massive - large and heavy
- Accumulated - gathered
- Boom - a period of sudden economic growth
- Default - to fail to do something, such as pay a debt, that you legally have to do
- Surge - a sudden powerful movement
- Protests - an occasion when people show that they disagree with something by standing somewhere, shouting, carrying signs, etc.
- Break out - start suddenly
- Buoyed by something - to feel happier or more confident about a situation
- Fraudulent - dishonest and illegal
- Pliant - easily influenced or directed
- Endorsed - declare one's public approval or support of
- Merely - just / only
- Patience are wearing thin - to become less and less patient
- Apparent - clearly visible or understood
- Isolate - to keep a person separate from other people
- Traitor - a person who cheats someone
- Rhetoric - speech or writing intended to be effective and influence people
- Jingoism - the extreme belief that your own country is always best
- Imperative - having great importance / crucial
- Mediation - to talk to two separate people or groups involved in a disagreement to try to help them to agree or find a solution to their problems
- Temper - to suddenly become angry
- Anarchy - a situation in which there is no organization and control
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